12 Angery Man Essays - Fiction, Literature, Theatre, Free Essays

12 Angery Man Essays - Fiction, Literature, Theatre, Free Essays 12 Angery Man Twelve Angry Men Sometimes in life your professions reflect on your personalities. Twelve Angry Men is an example of where this occurs. Twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. Whether they brought good or bad qualities from their profession, they all affected the outcome. The leadership skills of Courtney Vance, the compassion of Dorian Harwood, and the opinionated Tony Danza affected the actions and decisions in the jury room. Courtney Vance is a high school football coach; his position in the jury room is a foreman. On the football field, Vance acts as a mediator, a leader, and an organizer. As a foreman for this trial, Vance definitely carries all those traits into the jury room with him. If it were not for Vance, there would not have been any order in the jury room. He acts as a coach in the jury room as he formed fine lines of respect. He acts as a mediator for all of the arguments that went on in the jury room. Every time, Vance is there to calm everyone down and gain back order in the room. His leadership skills also shine in the jury room as well. He controls and leads every discussion, speaking order, voting, and demonstration. Vance takes on the leading role and handles it well. He also brings organization into the jury room by organizing the juries, the discussions, and the votes. With the excellent traits that Vance brings into the jury room, he allows the trial to run smoothly and effectively. Dorian Harwoods profession as nurse also shapes his actions in the jury room. In the jury room, he acts with compassion and respect. As a nurse he does the same. His compassion lies in caring for another. He relates that to the trial by thinking of the boy as one of his patients. He wants him to have a fair chance at life, and therefore wants him to have a fair trial. In the jury room, he acts with respect because he is very unsure about the case, and really does not know how he feels about things. So when it is his turn to talk he passes to hear the others before he makes the wrong assumption. With these actions he shows a lot of respect for not only the boy on trial, but also to the other juries. Harwood definitely shows compassion and respect in the jury room, and all of these strong traits come from his experience as a nurse. Tony Danza, a salesman, definitely brings his working traits with him in the jury room. As a salesman, he is impatient, opinionated, and rude. Tony does not care about anyone but himself. He shows that he is very impatient by not even thinking about the trial but rather the baseball tickets that he has for that night. He just wants to get out of there as soon as he can. He is very opinionated and that definitely stands out in the jury room. He does not care what anyone has to say. He has his own beliefs and does not care or want to hear anyone elses views. He is also known to be rude, because he shows no compassion or thought towards the boy on trial and he just wants to get it over with. He does not even stop to think that someones life is on the line, he is too concerned about his own. Tonys profession does not give him the best qualities, as he does not have the best qualities in the jury room. Courtney Vance, Dorian Harwood, and Tony Danza are three men who are shaped by the professions in which they live. Their professions give the men certain qualities, good and bad, that they carry with them into other parts of their lives. Each man shows these qualities in the jury room and they affect the actions and decisions that are made.

CYP 3.1 1.1 Essay

CYP 3.1 1.1 Essay CYP 3.1 1.1 Essay Tina Scott CYP 3.1 Criteria 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years The key to understanding child development is to look at them as a ‘whole’. The whole child may be looked at under six aspects which are: Physical development Intellectual development Language development Emotional development Social development Spiritual development Each aspect is intricately linked and if one aspect is hampered or neglected in some way this may hinder children in reaching their full potential. PHYSICAL INTELLECTUAL LANGUAGE EMOTIONAL & SOCIAL First Month Gross Motor Skills: lies on his or her back, can lift head by the end of month 1. Fine Motor Skills: turns his or her head towards the light, hands are usually tightly closed, reacts to loud sounds Babies explore through their senses and through their own activity and movement. Touch: can feel pain, the baby gives a ‘startle’ response if they are moved suddenly. Sound: will turn to sound and may become still and listen to a low sound or quicken their movements when they hear a high sound Taste: likes sweet tastes e.g. breast milk Sight: is sensitive to light, can track the movements of objects and people, likes to look at human faces Smell: turns to the smell of the breast. -Responds to sounds, especially familiar voices -Makes eye contact -Can cry to indicate a need e.g. hunger, dirty nappy etc. -Moves eyes towards the direction of sound -Quietens when picked up -Needs other babies and people around them to share language experiences -Often imitates certain facial expressions. -Enjoys feeding and cuddling -First smile in definite response to carer is around 5-6 weeks. -Uses total body movements to express pleasure at bath time or when being fed PHYSICAL INTELLECTUAL LANGUAGE EMOTIONAL & SOCIAL 4-6 Months Gross Motor Skills: -Beginning to use a palmar grasp and can transfer objects from hand to hand -Interested in all activity -Everything is taken to the mouth -Moves head around to follow people and objects Fine Motor Skills: -Has good head control and beginning to sit without support -Rolls over from back to side and reaches for objects -Holds head up when pulled to a sitting position -Reaches for an object which suggests they recognise and judge distance in relation to the size of the object. -prefers complicated things to look at and enjoys bright colours -Knows that only has one mother and is disturbed if shown several images of mother at the same time. -Realises people are permanent before they realise that objects are. -Can co-ordinate more, tracking, reaching, grasping, sucking etc. -Communicates more and more as they become more aware of others -Listens to and imitates sounds -Reacts to the tone of someone’s voice -Begins to use vowels, consonants and syllable sounds -Begins to laugh and squeal with pleasure -Shows trust and security -Has recognisable sleep patterns PHYSICAL INTELLECTUAL LANGUAGE EMOTIONAL & SOCIAL 6-9 Months Gross Motor Skills: -Can roll from front to back -May attempt to crawl but will often slide backwards -Grasps feet and places them in mouth -Can sit without support for longer periods of time -May ‘cruise’ around furniture and even stand or walk alone Fine Motor Skills: -Very alert to people and objects -Beginning to use a pincer grasp with thumb and index finger -Everything is explored by putting in mouth -Transfers toys from hand to hand and looks for fallen objects -Understands signs e.g. a bib means food is coming -Fascinated by the way objects move and knows objects exist even when they have gone out of sight. -Babble becomes tuneful -Begins to understand words like ‘up’, ‘down’, raising their arms to be lifted up and using appropriate gestures -Can feed him/herself using fingers -Now more wary of strangers -May offer toys to others -Shows distress when mother leaves -Typically begins to crawl, explore and reach more -Now more aware of other

Census And Dating Prospects In California Assignment

Census And Dating Prospects In California - Assignment Example Women interested in identifying dating opportunities need not worry because there are men out there who are more fertile and readily available. Another important aspect in determining dating prospect from the findings of United States’ Census Bureau was the type of households in California. Families with fathers as the only parent are fewer than those that are headed by single mothers. Female-headed households accounted for 25% while families with males as the single parent in the household recorded 9%. It is advisable for men to stop worrying about women to date because the older population consists of an increased number of women who have opted out of relationships. Jerry McCain thought about moving to a college in the neighboring state, Arizona, to try his luck in finding a lady to settle down with on January 28, 2014. He will settle with his cousin Martin before finding a part-time job to sustain his marital needs and fund his wedding plans. Typically, this is not bad for a high school graduate. Compared with the reports from the estimates of American Community Survey, Arizona, with a favorable male to female ratio of 2:1, is a better hunting ground for female partners. Figures for the current year (2014) have not been released to determine the changes in proportions between the male and female populations. On a different perspective, dating prospects in California can be determined by the variations in the male and female populations in different ethnic groups. It is easy to date African American and Latino or Hispanic ladies and men between 15 and 19 years as compared to white alone, not Latino or Hispanic. For example, data recorder indicated that there are many Latino or Hispanic males and females in learning institutions for the active dating age group of 15 to 19 years. They account for 40% of the total number of school enrollments.

The arctic melting of global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The arctic melting of global warming - Essay Example If the ice melts, then the global temperature would increase because the earth would absorb more heat from the sun. This would then affect the weather patterns not only across the northern hemisphere but also globally. The ice that covers the Arctic region functions as a reflector where it reflects much of the sun’s heat back to space. This helps in cooling the planet and making it habitable and provides a sense of balance by driving atmospheric circulation. If the balance is affected by increase in temperatures at the Arctic region, then there could be devastating results that include cyclones and typhoons, which are responsible for mass deaths. Additionally, if the seas become warmer, they may endanger aquatic life and possibly lead to extinction of certain species. Since melting ice increases the volume of water in the oceans, the ocean level raises leading to a higher possibility of mass deaths mostly caused by Tsunamis if earthquakes strike the coastal regions. This then leads to the conclusion that the Arctic should be protected from melting because the repercussions could be far reaching in that the entire globe would be affected. This region can be protected through reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the

Cylyndrospermospis (CYN) Algae Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Cylyndrospermospis (CYN) Algae - Essay Example The paper analyses the risk of Cylindrospermopsin toxicity in human beings posed by consumption of seafood which are highly regarded s the toxin agents. The assessment covers the risk of exposure through seafood consumption by residents of Victoria, Australia, around the Gippsland Lakes, neglecting other kinds of exposure since the place where the field of study is other factors are either do not exist or are neglable. These other risk factors include: exposure due to recreational activities, which is highly advocated against in the area; and exposure through drinking water, which is ruled out since the water drunk the residents is not sourced at the Cyanobacteria infested Gippsland Lakes. Introduction Cylindrospermopsin is a toxin that occurs naturally, and is produced by specific strains of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii among at least 4 other freshwater cyanobacterial species, counting Umezakia natans, Anabaena bergii, Raphidiopsis curvata and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum (Aldrich, 2 012, p. 3). Cylindrospermopsin chemical structure was not clarified until 1992. It comprises of a tri-cyclic guanidine moiety combined with hydroxyl-methyl-uracil. Its molecular formula is C15H21N5O7S and molecular weight is 415.43. It is zwitterionic (a di-polar ion with localized negative and positive charges). Deoxycylindro-spermopsin, a cylindrospermopsin analog in which the hydroxyl group in the uracil bridge has been removed, isolated from R. curvata and C. raciborskii (Aldrich, 2012, p. 3) . 7-epicylindrospermopsin is another structural variation of cylindrospermopsin which was isolated from A. ovalisporum. The Gippsland Lakes is a coastal lagoons system located at southeast of Victoria in Australia, approximately 200 kilometers east Melbourne and are key for commercial, tourist and recreational activities. The Lakes act as a source of commercial seafood, including fish, crustaceans and shellfish, as well as providing general recreational fishing. Considerable modifications h ave occurred on the Lakes catchments since European settlement with fisheries and agricultural development, including the establishment of a permanently open Bass Straight entrance in 1889. This environment, once freshwater lake, is currently a more saline and high nutrient expanse, and cyanobacterial (the blue-green algal) blooms are now becoming a normal occurrence. Ever since 1985, there have existed 7 non-cyanobacterial blooms noted in the Lakes (commonly dinoflagellates or diatoms), and 12 cyanobacterial blooms (Kaarina Sivonen, 1999, p. 4). Nodularia spumigenna is the most common cyanobacterium to bloom, with periodic Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena circinalis blooms (Anon., n.d., p. 169) So as to provide guidance and to delineate acceptable levels of Cylindrospermopsin in seafood in Victoria, the Victorian Health Department convened a scientific advisory professional to perform a risk assessment regarding recreational and commercial seafood safety in the Victoria Gippslan d Lakes (Kankaanpaa, 2005, p. 3). The seafood of concern was fish, mussels and prawns from these lakes. Cylindrospermopsin was among the toxins detected in the risk assessment, others being saxitoxins, microcystins, nodularin - all of which are found in Australian aquatic surroundings and are distributed global (Moreira, et al., 2012, p. 3). Cyanobacterial blooms largely depend on water temperature and nutrient availability,

E-Learning and E-Services

E-Learning and E-Services Social Impart: E-learning is a structured, purposeful use of computer or electronic system which covers a wide set of processes and application such as web-based learning, computer-based learning, distance and flexible learning via a web browser, through the internet or an intranet, interactive TV, satellite broadcast, audio and videotape and CD-ROM. Based on the survey questionnaire, it noted that 98.2 percent of people are prefer searching the information for working or studies purpose via internet and this proved that more of the worlds people become connected to the network. Connectivity to this network and the ability to master it once on has become an essential part in the new century, and also a key to success, opportunity and fulfillment for the people around the world. E-learning is deployed to reach geographically dispersed groups, to provide consistency, to provide â€Å"anyway-anytime† learning, to ensure compliance with regulation. E- learning is also deployed with the objective of enhancing student knowledge and cost saving. It is used for broadening the academic scope and provided much more references and learning scopes than the ones provided in the usual text books. Effective e-learning can also improve the performance on core subjects and foster development of new century skills, whether in mature or emerging countries. It can help in increasing student motivation, engagement and attendance. E-learning could have potentially major effects on the way higher education is designed, implemented and delivered .For students, e-learning can provide an educationally-superior alternative to traditional lectures, in which education can take place outside of the lecture hall. E-learning can also provide a model for students on how to train themselves to become self directed independent learners, which may assist them to become ‘life long learners. On the other part, for lecturers, e-learning may cause changes in work patterns and even change their professional role, but in addition, e-learning provides them the opportunity to train students in real business situations and new methods to evaluate their learning. As lecturers have the influence to eliminate students technical frustrations, make them feel empowered and encourage them to interact with one another, the role of the lecturer is become predominant in the successful delivery of e-learning initiatives. According to Malaysia Ministry of Education and Intel Malaysia, in a one to one (1:1) e-learning program at 10 primary and secondary schools in Malaysia, 85 percent of teachers, many of whom were skeptical initially, reported that the program lend a hand to them create a collaborative and innovative e-learning environment within their classrooms. E-learning represents a change in teaching and learning style. The precise nature of the change is hard to clarify, however allocation of sufficient resources and time. The major advantage of e-learning is its flexibility, accessibility, and convenience. Flexibility in variety of forms is also an often-identified positive feature of the virtual school or online school. Students are able to work at home, able to get extra credits that did not fit into their regular school day, and to take an extra course which is not offered at their school. It can save the travel cost and time contemporary. Besides that, as web browser software and internet connection are widely available, students are able to search information or material easily and efficiently. E-learning can enhance retention by varying the types of contents such as images, sounds and text work together, creating interaction that engages the attention, providing immediate feedback, encouraging interaction with other learners and instructors in discussion boards, chat room, instant messaging and all offer interaction for learners effectively. Every application has two sides, there are identified drawback with the use of e-learning. E-learning is not suitable for all kind of learners as e-learning emphasizes independent learning and requires the completion of a lots of assignment, tasks and interactive collaborations. Students with low motivation will have to face a stressful feeling and will not able to complete their modules, rendering the strategy ineffective. In addition, there are some people who are not able to deal successfully with isolation. The short of human interaction and the absence of active guidance increase the likelihood of disinterest and boredom. There are not all type of content is suitable for e-learning. The educational institutions are not yet prepare to adapt to the e-learning capabilities due to which many of the contents cannot be used to the e-learning platforms. Students taking on e-course may have the opportunity to receive a risk-free simulation environment, in which they can make mistakes without directly exposing themselves, eventually getting the feedback on the consequences of their actions. E-learning requires new skills in content producers and still has to clearly demonstrate a return on investment. Enabling technology might also be costly since there need to develop advanced visually-rich content for the learners. Nowadays, worlds people are currently moving towards an electronic and internet service system called e-services. E-services is a highly general term referring to the provision of services through internet and act as an interactive, content-centered and internet-based customer services, driven by the customer and integrated with related organizational customer support processes and technologies with the goal of strengthening customer-service provider relationship. E-services are including e-insurances services, e-banking services, e-financial advice services, flight or railway e-ticket services, hotel e-booking services, package tour e-services, real estate e-services, food take away e-services and so on. E-services are offering a lot of advantages to their users. The users are being familiarized with the electronic information personally and being educated on using advanced technology. Furthermore, easy tracking of payment to beneficiarys accounts thus it will enhance audit trail for the users. It can be also reduced cases of corruption and increased convenience and flexibility of the users as the users can access e-services in home without travel and this can help to save the travel cost and time contemporary. E-services have improved data acquisition, transformation and retrieval which unlike the data chaos in a traditional service provider. In addition, it allow in searching of large number of heterogeneous data such as documents, database, messages, pages and multimedia. It also involves the citizens in governmental activities providing easy access to information via internet. E-services are conducted at a distance, uncertainties and risks are magnified. Therefore, users have to rely on image and promises. Some services are confused of proper legal and regulatory framework. Besides that, users may face grave danger as the personal information including name, address credit card number, bank account number and so on which can be accessed by other culprits through e-services. Disclosure of private information, counterfeiting and illegal alteration of payment have been listed in the drawbacks of e-services.

Successful Application of Theory to a Placement Case Essay -- social w

An important aspect of social work is expert knowledge (Walker, 2012) and application of theory to practice, supported through research evidence (Dunk-West, 2013). In addition, the Professional Capabilities Framework (PCF, The College of Social Work, 2012) outlines the expectations of social workers in the UK. As a student social worker, the PCF governs my development and practicing the application of theory is a critical stage in learning. To facilitate this application, I am placed with Southwark Council. Southwark has recently started an organisational restructure, incorporating Reclaiming Social Work (Forrester et al. 2013) and coining it â€Å"Social Work Matters† (Southwark Council, 2014), see Appendix A. As part of this structure, student social workers are given the opportunity to work with and reflect on active cases and apply theory to the placement work. This essay will demonstrate the successful application of theory to a placement case, which has been included in Appendix A, fully anonymised. The Walker family’s brief background and presenting needs have been outlined and will be referred to throughout. The social work process will inform the structure of this essay – assessment, deciding on outcomes and planning, intervention and finally evaluation (Howe, 2002).The relevance of the chosen theory will be considered in relation to the above steps in the process and strengths and weaknesses will be evaluated. In order to address all these points in a meaningful way within this process this essay will consider a combination of theory and method. To clarify, †Theory helps to predict or describe a particular phenomenon† (Teater, 2010: 2) hence being particularly useful in the assessment or evaluation states. The Walker ... ... the use of stimulant medications’, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(1-2), pp. 180-193. Teater, B. (2010), Introduction to Applying Social Work Theories and Methods. Maidenhead: Open University Press. The College of Social Work (2012), Professional Capabilities Framework (PCF), Available at http://www.tcsw.org.uk/pcf.aspx (Accessed 20 March 2014). Ugazio, V., Fellin, L., Pennacchio, R., Negri, A. and Colciago, F. (2012), ‘Is systemic thinking really extraneous to common sense?’, Journal of Family Therapy, 34(1), pp. 53-71. Walker, S. (2012), Effective social work with children, young people and families putting systems theory into practice. London: SAGE. Woods, K., Bond, C., Humphrey, N., Symes, W. and Green, L. (2011), Systematic review of solution focused brief therapy with children and families: brief. London: Department for Education.

International Business Study Guide

IBM 414 Study Guide Ch:12 Global Marketing Management: Planning and Organization Global Marketing – †¢The trend back toward localization –Caused by the new efficiencies of customization –Made possible by the Internet –Increasingly flexible manufacturing processes From the marketing perspective customization is always best †¢Global markets continue to homogenize and diversify simultaneously –Best companies will avoid trap of focusing on country as the primary segmentation variable International Marketing- is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price, promote, and direct the flow of a company's goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit. †¢An entry strategy into international market should reflect on analysis –Market characteristics †¢Potential sales †¢Strategic importance Strengths of local resources †¢Cultural differences †¢Country restrictions – Company capabilities and characteristics †¢Degree of near-market knowledge †¢Marketing involvement †¢Management commitment Exporting Indirect Exporting-requires no equity investment and thus has a low risk, low rate of return, and little control. Licensing –A means of establishing a foothold in foreign markets without large capital outlays –A favorite strategy for small and medium-sized companies –Legitimate means of capitalizing on intellectual property in a foreign marketJoint Venures-When two or more participating companies join forces to create a separate legal entity to facilitate doing business in the international arena Direct Investment †¢Factors that influence the structure and performance of direct investments –Timing –The growing complexity and contingencies of contracts –Transaction cost structures –Technology transfer –Degree of product differentiation –The previous experiences and cultur al diversity of acquired firms –Advertising and reputation barriers Example:When a company sells to a customer in another country, the company is into Direct exporting.Strategic International Allicance Consortia –Similar to joint ventures and could be classified as such except for two unique characteristics †¢Typically involve a large number of participants †¢Frequently operate in a country or market in which none of the participants is currently active –Consortia are developed to pool financial and managerial resources and to lessen risks Joint Ventures –JVs are established, separate, legal entities –The acknowledged intent by the partners to share in the management of the JV There are partnerships between legally incorporated entities such as companies, chartered organizations, or governments, and not between individuals –Equity positions are held by each of the partners Franchise –Franchiser provides a standard package of products, systems, and management services –Franchise provides market knowledge, capital, and personal involvement in management –Expected to be the fastest-growing market-entry strategy †¢Two types of franchise agreements –Master franchise †¢Gives the franchisee the rights to a specific area with the authority to sell or establish subfranchises –LicensingContract Manufacturing-is a manufacturer that contracts with a firm for components or products. It is a form of outsourcing. Contracting Management- is the management of contracts made with customers, vendors, partners, or employees. Contract management includes negotiating the terms and conditions in contracts and ensuring compliance with the terms and conditions, as well as documenting and agreeing on any changes or amendments that may arise during its implementation or execution. CH:8 Developing a global vision though marketing research Challeneges and problems The major difficulty is conve rting a series of often ambiguous business problems into tightly drawn and achievable research objectives †¢The first, most crucial step in research is more critical in foreign markets because an unfamiliar environment tends to could problems definition †¢Other difficulties in foreign research stem from failures to establish problem limits broad enough to include all relevant variables Environmental Scanning- Careful monitoring of an organization's internal and external environments for detecting early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence its current and future plans.Marketing Screening- The process of discovering relevant information about a tradable asset in order to determine a fair price for the asset. Primarily used to avoid creating an adverse transaction. Steps to marketing Screening- Market- A regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other commodities. Requirements of effective Market Segmentation Describe the psychographic segments profiled in the Worldwide Global Scan study How can international market demand be estimated? page 236When desired stats aren't available a close approximation can be made using local production figures plus imports, with adjustments for exports and current inventory levels CH:13 Products and services for consumers Why are product strategy decisions the most crucial ones in the marketing mix? What two errors do multinational product managers tend to commit? Define and explain: Product, Quality Features and benefits Reliability, Durability Product Homologation. What are the standardization/adaptation strategies that a marketer can implement and when would you recommend them? What is meant by the â€Å"diffusion of motivations†?What are the degrees of newness that a product can exhibit and what are the (perceived) product characteristics of an innovation that affect its rate of acceptance? What is product counterfeiting and how can it be fought? CH:1 4 Products and Services for Businesses ISO 9000 †¢Positively affects the performance and stock prices of firms †¢Certification of the existence of a quality control system a company has in place to ensure it can meet published quality standards –Describes three quality system models –Defines quality concepts –Gives guidelines for using international standards in quality systems Generally voluntary †¢EU Product Liability Directive †¢Now a competitive marketing tool in Europe and around the world †¢The ACSI approach Trade Shows †¢Secondary methods for marketing: –Advertising in print media –Catalogs –Web sites –Direct mail †¢Trade shows have become the primary and most important vehicle for doing business in many foreign countries †¢Total annual media budget spent on trade events: –Europeans – 22 percent –Americans – 5 percent †¢Benefits –Provide the facilit ies for a manufacturer to exhibit and demonstrate products to potential users –Allow manufacturers to view competitors products Are an opportunity to create sales and establish relationships with agents, distributors, franchisees, and suppliers †¢Online trade shows –Become useful in difficult economic and/or political circumstances –Are obviously a less than adequate substitute for live trade shows CH:18 Pricing for International Markets Price Escalation- A disparity in pricing where goods have higher costs in a foreign market than in the domestic market due to transportation and exporting costs. Price escalation can also refer to the sum of cost factors in the distribution channels which add up to a higher final cost for a product in a foreign market.The difference between the domestic price and the target price in foreign markets due to the application of duties, dealer margins and/or other transaction costs. How can the effect of price escalation be less ened? †¢Lowering cost of goods –Manufacturing in a third country –Eliminating costly functional features –Lowering overall product quality †¢Lowering tariffs –Reclassifying products into a different, and lower customs classification –Modify product to qualify for a lower tariff rate within classification –Requiring assembly or further processing –Repackaging †¢Lowering distribution costs Shorter channels –Reducing or eliminating middlemen †¢Using foreign trade zones to lessen price escalation –Establish free trade zones (FTZs) or free ports †¢Tax-free enclave not considered part of country †¢Postpones payment of duties and tariffs †¢Dumping – To place (goods or stock, for example) on the market in large quantities and at a low price. –Use of marginal (variable) cost pricing –Selling goods in foreign country below the price of the same goods in the home market Gray M arket- A market where a product is bought and sold outside of the manufacturer's authorized trading channels.The unofficial trading of a company's shares , usually before they are issued in an initial public offering (IPO). †¢Occur whenever price differences are greater than cost of transportation between two markets †¢Major problem for pharmaceutical companies †¢Exclusive distribution Transfer Pricing †¢Prices of goods transferred from a company’s operations or sales units in one country to its units elsewhere –May be adjusted to enhance the ultimate profit of company †¢Benefits –Lowering duty costs –Reducing income taxes in high-tax countries –Facilitating dividend repatriation when dividend repatriation is curtailed by government policy †¢Objectives Maximizing profits for corporation –Facilitating parent-company control –Providing all levels of management control over profitability †¢Arrangements for pricing goods for intracompany transfer –Sales at the local manufacturing cost plus a standard markup –Sales at the cost of the most efficient producer in the company plus a standard markup –Sales at negotiated prices –Arm’s-length sales using the same prices as quoted to independent customers Countertrade †¢Types of countertrade –Barter –Compensation deals –Counterpurchase or offset trade –Product buyback agreement †¢Problems of countertrading Determining the value of and potential demand for the goods offered –Barter houses – †¢The Internet and countertrading –Electronic trade dollars –Universal Currency/IRTA †¢Proactive countertrade strategy –Included as part of an overall market strategy –Effective for exchange-poor countries Administered Pricing- The price of a good or service as dictated by a governmental or other governing agency. Administered price s are not determined by regular market forces of supply and demand. Ch:16 Intergrated Marketing Communications and International Advertising 6) What are the four methods of promotion and how can they be used in nternational marketing? Integrated marketing communications (IMC) are composed of advertising, sales promotions, trade shows, personal selling, direct selling, and public relations Sales promotions-marketing activities that stimulate consumer purchases and improve retailer or middlemen effectiveness and cooperation Public relations (PR)-creating good relationships with the popular press and other media to help companies communicate messages to their publics-customers, the general public, and governmental regulators.Public relations firms’ billings in the international arena have been growing at double digit rates for some years. Handling such international PR problems as global workplace standards and product safety recalls has become big business for companies serving large companies. International advertising-global mass media advertising is a powerful tool for cultural change, and as such, it receives continuing scrutiny by a wide variety of institutions. What are the pros and cons of standardization, adaptation and â€Å"glocalization† in international advertising?Standardization Pros Standardized marketing for global companies typically offers significant cost benefits. If the same message works universally, you don't have to spend money to develop customized marketing messages. While you would have to adapt the language to the local markets, the conceptual premise of your messages can remain constant. Also, if your brand theme is powerful and has global appeal, a standardized approach helps people around the world share in the value proposition you offer Cons Global marketing standardization is not sensible in all cases.If people use your products differently or if your brand message doesn't work everywhere, you need to be flexible. McDonald's, for instance, has been successful selling its western and American cultural appeal in some countries such as Russia, Japan and France. However, the fast food chain has emphasized its relationship with local suppliers and management in some countries in the Middle East and elsewhere, where attitudes toward western and American culture are less welcoming. Globalization Pros The main benefit of globalization is that it lets you reach a lot more customers.As long as there is demand in an overseas market for a product or service your business offers, there is a customer base. A product that sells successfully at home will often do well in international markets, says Wesley Johnston, a marketing professor at Georgia State University. Electronics and other tech products are examples of consumer goods that sell well on the global market. Cons Before taking your business worldwide, make sure there is a market for it. Consumers in other countries often have different preferences a nd needs and might not have much interest in buying your product.For example, if you sell Canadian flags, you might not find much demand in countries outside Canada. Another risk of going global is that it can be costly. This is especially true if you decide to set up operations in other countries. Finally, different countries have different regulatory standards. Products that can be made and sold freely in some markets might run up against stiff regulatory hurdles in other countries. Adaptation Explain the statement, â€Å"The search for a global advertising campaign can be the spearhead of the search for a coherent global marketing strategy. What types of errors are committed when advertisers attempt to go global? †¢Consumer criticism †¢Deceptive advertising †¢Decency and blatant use of sex †¢Self-regulation †¢Government regulations What challenges confront international advertisers when they attempt to develop creative and media strategies? †¢Langua ge is one of the major barriers to effective communication through advertising †¢Translation challenges †¢Low literacy in many countries †¢Multiple languages within a country †¢In-country testing with the target consumer group avoids problems caused by linguistic differences ) Can personal selling and sales promotion be standardized in international markets? What role do publicity and public relations play in international marketing? what are the three sources of personnel for international assignments and how can U. S. personnel be trained for such assignments? Expatriates- –Numbers are declining –Important for highly technical or involved products –High cost –Cultural and legal barriers –Limited number of high-caliber personnel willing to live abroad Virtual Expatriates- –Manage operations in other countries but don’t live there Local Nationals Transcend both cultural and legal barriers –Familiar with dist ribution systems and referral networks –Headquarters personnel may ignore their advice –Lack of availability –Sales positions viewed negatively What are the differences in cultural values that can affect management practices in foreign cultures? How has the profile of global managers changed in recent years? †¢Objectivity –â€Å"Separating people from the problem† †¢Competitiveness and equality –Japanese appear to be the best negotiators with the highest profits –Japanese appear to be more equitable with buyers Time –The passage of time is viewed differently across cultures Describe the negotiation process. Stages 1. Non Task Sounding – Report 2. Task related exchange of info – Sales Pitch †¢Let the foreign counterparts bring up business †¢Expect a large number of questions but little feedback †¢Allow periods of silence †¢Use multiple communication channels †¢Understand the lack of, or the bluntness of negative feedback †¢Meet aggressive first offers with questions, not anger 3. Persuasion – Handling of objectives Task-related information exchange versus persuasion †¢Avoid threats, warnings, and other aggressive negotiation tactics †¢Avoid emotional outbursts †¢Ask more questions †¢Use third parties and information channels of communication 4. Consensus & agreement – The close †¢Write down concession-making strategies †¢Understand differences in decision-making styles †¢In many cultures, no concessions are made until the end of the negotiations CH 15 International Marketing Channels #8 Describe the difference between traditional, import-oriented distribution systems and modern ones.Page 421 In an imported-oriented or traditional distributution an importer controls a fixed supply of goods, and the marketing system develops around the philosophy of selling a limited supply of goods at high prices to a smal l number of affluent customers. Describe the current Japanese System; how can an international marketer secure a foothold in the Japanese System? Small retailers are considered to be the foundation of the Japanese distribution system. Distribution in Japan has long been considered the most effective nontariff barrier to the Japanese market.What are the pros and cons of using foreign vs. home country middlemen? Foreign Middlemen-Pros-shorter channels and deal with middlemen in constant contact with the market (page 434) Home Country Middlemen-(domestic middlemen) companies relegate foreign market distribution to others. Offer many advantages for companies with small international sales volume, those inexperienced with foreign markets, those not wanting to become immediately involved with the complexities of international marketing, and those wanting to sell abroad with minimal financial and management commitment.Con- limited control over the entire process. Page 431 What are the stra tegic goal–the 6C’s of channel strategy? page 436 COST CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS CONTROL COVERAGE CHARACTER CONTINUITY How should you go about locating, selecting and motivating middlemen? page 438 Locating-productivity or volume, financial strength, managerial stability, and capability, and the nature and reputation of the business. Selecting-low volume or low potential volume hampers most prospects, many are underfinanced and some simply cannot be trusted.Motivating- motivational techniques that can be employed to maintain middlemen interest and support for the product may be grouped into five categories: financial rewards, psychological rewards, communications, company support, and corporate rapport. What is the significance of the internet for international distribution and what issues must a prospective e-vendor consider? page 441 Internet is an important distribution method for multinational companies and a source of products for businesses and consumers. Put the cons umer in control of marketing and distribution globally #9What is the purpose of export restrictions? are limitations on the quantity of goods exported to a specific country or countries by a government. Describe the process necessary to determine whether or not an export license is required? An export license is not required Define and explain the following: boycott, free-trade zone (FTZ), maquiladoras, bill of lading, and foreign-freight forwarder. Boycott-is an act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for social or political reasons.Sometimes, it can be a form of consumer activism. Free-trade zone-customs privileged (In a FTZ, payment of import duties is postponed until the product leaves the FTZ area and enters the country. Page 536 Maquiladora-is the Mexican name for manufacturing operations in a free trade zone (FTZ), where factories import material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly, processing, or manufacturing and then export the assembled, processed and/or manufactured products, sometimes back to the raw materials' country of origin.Example given in class (Tijuana) Bill of lading-is a document used in the transport of goods by sea. It serves several purposes in international trade. Foreign-freight forwarder-is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution. Forwarders contract with a carrier to move the goods. A forwarder does not move the goods but acts as an expert in supply chain management What is physical distribution (logistics)?Involves more than the physical movement of goods. It includes the location of plants and warehousing, transportation mode, inventory qualities and packing. What is the physical distribution concept? Takes into account the interdependence of the costs of each activity; a decision involving one activity affects the cost and efficiency of one or all others. Page 449 What are the pros and cons of the different modes of transport available to international marketers?

patenting life essays

patenting life essays John Moore was diagnosed with hairy-cell leukemia in 1976. Under directions from his doctor, Mr. Moores spleen was removed. Among other things, Mr. Moore continued to visit his doctor for seven years following his diagnosis. During these visits, the doctor took tissue samples of bone marrow, skin a and sperm, which Mr. Moore assumed were necessary procedures to prevent the reoccurrence of cancer. After discovering that he had become patent #4,438,032, John Moore learned that the doctor was patenting unique chemicals from Mr. Moores blood for a multi-million dollar contract. Moore sued the doctor for malpractice and property theft. The California Supreme court refused to recognize that Moore had property rights over his own body, however. The doctor argued that because Mr. Moore did not possess the ability to manipulate his own body tissues into a socially useful product, he could not claim a right of ownership to these tissues. One concession the court did make to Mr. Moore was the right to sue his doctor for a breach of fiduciary duty and lack of informed consent. This issue and others are on the forefront of a growing debate over the patenting of life. Should we like John Moore tried to do in the above example be able to protect own our own bodies from being patented and thus owned by others? Where should we as a society draw the line when it comes to weighing the possible advances possible versus the dangerous applications this new science may render? What are our ethical and moral responsibilities when it comes to the inevitable ability to clone a human, design a baby, or just predict whether someone is predisposed at coming down with a fatal disease? This is such a relatively new issue where so many new and potential dangerous applications are discovered daily. I will attempt to cut through jungle of misconceptions the genetic and biotech indust...

Office Space essays

Office Space essays Ron Livingston and Jennifer Aniston (this actress also stars in the comedy "Friends") star in the comedy movie "Office Space." Peter Gibbons (Livingston) is a computer software programmer who hates his job and his bosses. One of his Bosses is Bill Lumberg (Gary Cole), who is mean but acts very mellow when he acts mean. Peter's girlfriend (Alexandra Wentworth) talks him into seeing an "occupational hypnotist" in the hope that through hypnosis he could be happier with his job. After being briefly hypnotized, he feels suddenly worry-free. Like his neighbour Lawrence (Diedrich Bader, who also stars in the hit TV show "The Drew Carrey Show") who hears all and knows all about Peters life, since he can hear everything through the wall that separates their apartments. He still doesn't like his job, but at least now he doesn't care about keeping his job. The company Peter's working for is currently being evaluated by "efficiency experts". Each employee is interviewed about his or her position and from those interviews and other information, these "efficiency experts" will decide which positions should be eliminated. Tom Smykowski (Richard Riehle) a co-worker of Peter is very paranoid about being fired and never stops talking about the fact that he is going to get canned. When Peter's turn for an interview arrives, he's very care-free about the whole thing. After his interview, Peter speaks with his friends from work, Samir (Ajay Naidu) who absolutely hates the fact that no one can pronounce his last name and Michael (David Herman) who hates his last name, which is Bolton because it refers to the singer "Michael Bolton" and they warn him that he'll lose his job if he doesn't get his act together soon. Soon, he thinks up a plan and with the help of Samir and Michael, he can make the three of them rich while at the same time getting even with the corporation they all hate so much. ...

On the Origins of Violence (SLP) Module 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On the Origins of Violence (SLP) Module 1 - Essay Example nts such as bars, stores, hotels, movie theatres, museums, art galleries, sport venues, parks, and trails, the area is most under constant security patrols making criminal activity very minimal considering other states or nationwide. The population of the area is 20,774 for males and 23,053 for females based on 2010 population update. With reference to income per household, North Bethesda has a household income of $94,334 compared to the $70,004. Both of these household incomes place the residents as middle class earners with very minimal financial constraints. The national violent crime index is 387, the County of Maryland crime rate is 477, and that of North Bethesda is 204. Further information shows that there is 1 out 61 chances of a North Bethesda resident falling a victim of any type of crime. With this low crime rate, the relationship between violence and the health and/or welfare of the community is almost none existent. However, the fact that Maryland has a higher violent cr ime rate puts the residents of North Bethesda at risk of falling victims when outside their residential vicinity. However, having no confirmed cases so far, the health and welfare of the community is not under direct connection of violent crimes. The total population of North Bethesda is 43,828 as of 2012 and with a population growth rate of 18.11%. The cost of housing in the area is $335,900 for buyers and $1,686 for rentals. However, the living cost of North Bethesda is about 140% compared to the rest of the nation. When compared to Maryland’s crime rate index, North Bethesda has 48% less crime while Maryland is at the same crime rate index as the national index. A quick check of other data shows that North Bethesda is 51.3% safer than other cities within the nations, 67% safer than Maryland, one has 1 chance of being a violent crime victim in every 490 times, and property crime is about 1 chance for every 69 for a North Bethesda. The available resource in North Bethesda used for

Can the environment be assisted by the protection offered by human Dissertation

Can the environment be assisted by the protection offered by human rights - Dissertation Example If the basic definition of human rights is seen, then it’s a subject that is not just focused on humans but rights that arise from being human and is not concerned with anything else of nature no matter how beautiful or important position it holds in the ecosystem. The origins of the subject of human rights come from the works of Thomas Hobbes, who considered individual as an independent entity fighting to survive in a â€Å"hostile state†. Thus simply put human rights are fulfillment of an individual’s dreams and aspiration in any way possible. So by gauging from Hobbs understanding of the term human rights it can be deduced that the theory of human rights would have problems with dealing more than one human around as it is so focused on a single human and his rights. Many have argued that it has been very difficult for human rights theory itself, to combat, two very important concept, firstly individualism, which is the core of the theory and secondly, that all human should be able to live self fulfilling lives and get along with each other. To overcome this problem of narcissism and secure support for â€Å"marginalized people†, in the past human rights activist have compared the plights of such people to animals like, the aborigines in Australia or the native American, when it is said not to treat them like animals. However, this is at the expense of the animals or any non human life form and implies that it is completely alright to mistreat non human life forms. Thus, it is argued that if a theory has such difficulties in being able to allow all humans to be covered by the basic human rights that it has to take the support of mistreatment of animals to make any progress then it would definitely fail in providing non humans life forms any support if they... It can be seen that though the world in the past has greatly operated on the principle of anthropocentrism it has become increasingly important now to turn toward Ecocentrism. The main reason for this is that human beings of late have realized that the world’s natural resources are not infinite. Thus in order for them to be able to use these resources in the future too it is necessary for them not to exploit the resources rather use them in moderation. More over before taken any activity it is important that state and non state actors conduct a cost benefit analysis not just with themselves in perspective rather the whole community. It is also important for the developed countries to understand that if an underdeveloped country is willing to take environmentally friendly actions at the cost of its own countries development than it is necessary for them to provide the underdeveloped countries some sort of compensation. Moreover it is also necessary that further in roads should be made in rule and laws for environment protection. Additionally, it can be clearly stated that Human Rights after the Stockholm Declaration can assist environment protection. This is because by endangering the environment we violate Human Rights laws like Right to Health. However, though the support of environmentally friendly policies is strong a lack of action is seen on the front such many countries not support Kyoto Protocol.